The current developments with unmanned aerial vehicles (‘UAVs’) are revolutionizing many fields in civil applications, such as agriculture, environmental and visual inspections. The causes of vertical accuracy loss in MS RTK DSM are interpolation effect due to lower resolution point cloud and difficult high vegetation land cover, and the limited positioning potential of RTK GNSS. The results demonstrated that the horizontal coherence of the DSMs is around ☑ cm and the vertical coherence is around ☗0 cm as standard deviation. During the analysis, GCP-supported and higher resolution non-RTK UAV DSM is appointed as the reference model. In this study, the coherence of digital surface models (DSM) generated by MS RTK and RGB non-RTK UAVs' simultaneous data was investigated with model-based comparison analysis in a vegetation-dominant study area. While MS cameras enable much better land cover classification performance, RTK GNSS receivers offer centimeter-level UAV positioning accuracy without needing ground control points (GCP) and facilitate the fieldwork before the flights. ![]() global navigation satellite system (RTK GNSS) receivers. Major novel instruments are multispectral (MS) cameras and real-time kinematic. Day by day, the technological level of UAVs is improved by the integration of novel instruments. In the last decades, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) became one of the most demanded remote sensing technologies with the advantage of rapidly and periodically achievable low cost, high resolution, and highly accurate data. The obtained results showed that UAV's are suited for fast and safe stockpile volume measurements with an acceptable difference of cubic meters when compared to volume calculation based on surfaces obtained with GNSS measurement points. In this study, a stockpile made up of gravel aggregate material was measured to compare volume calculations based on data obtained from GNSS point surveys and UAV drone surveying methods. The most common question considering using drones for stockpile volume determination is the accuracy of measurements and calculations. As an added important benefit, site working operations can continue uninterrupted. The more points that are captured, the more accurate a surface model will be and a drone can capture more points than a surveyor using traditional methods, in a fraction of the time. An alternative is using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), known as drone, to calculate stockpile volumes. The surveyor is also exposed to various dangerous conditions (walking near heavy equipment, climbing up unstable stockpile surfaces, etc.). Measuring all the stockpiles in a large stockyard using this method is time consuming and expensive. The models are compared against a baseline surface to calculate volume changes. Once these points have been captured, the surveyor generate surface models. The points are selected around the base of the stockpile, on top of the stockpile and along the break lines. Using traditional ground-based surveying methods to calculate the volume of aggregate stockpiles means a surveyor team must take their equipment on site and capture the coordinates and elevation of multiple points. Most of the aggregates produced are from natural resources (sand, gravel, crushed rock) in surface quarries. ![]() Thus you can expect to have the quantity on a daily basis.In the mining industry the aggregates sector has an important size in terms of production quantity. ![]() Normally, we generate the provisional report of each day. Generating the quantity from the software is very fast with the density available. Time to complete measurement for each pile will vary according to the shape and profile. Times are tough so the need for monthly inventory assessments is becoming a reality. Depending on the time of year, the service may not even be available due to severe weather conditions. Sometimes, arranging for aerial fly-over is expensive and you will typically have to wait days or even weeks for the results. Some areas make using a total station and prism pole even impossible because of loose material that can cause safety hazards, not even mentioning lack of detail and poor results you can obtain. This process can be time-consuming and sometimes dangerous. Traditional methods require your crew to hold a prism pole and occupy areas of a large pile of material. ![]() Whether it's aggregate, coal, wood chips, asphalt or anything else you inventory, our lasers have the ability to measure to almost any surface without the need of a reflector. Measuring a stockpile volume using 3D Laser Scanner technology is by far the quickest and safest method available.
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